倪氏复口吸虫尾蚴和后囊蚴体壁的超微结构观察

复口吸虫在我国东北、华东、华中、华南等地均有分布,能引起淡水鱼类复口吸虫病的广泛流行,其中尤以华中一些省份为甚[1-2]。研究发现引起华中地区复口吸虫病流行的主要是倪氏复口吸虫(Dip-lostomum niedashui)和湖北复口吸虫(D.hupe-hensis)[1]。为了对尾蚴和后囊蚴的形态分类     

倪氏复口吸虫的寄生对鲢及其耳石生长的影响

采用人工感染的方法研究倪氏复口吸虫的寄生对鲢幼鱼生长的影响,并观察和分析了鲢耳石的相关变化.结果表明,随着倪氏复口吸虫后囊蚴在鲢幼鱼眼球中发育成熟.鲢幼鱼的体重与体长,耳石质量与长径依然呈指数比例生长关系,但耳石质量与日龄之间则没有线性相关关系;另外倪氏复口吸虫后囊蚴的寄生不仅严重影响了鲢的生长,而且还致使鲢的大部分耳石上产生了标记轮.     

额尔齐斯河白斑狗鱼复口吸虫的流行病学调查

调查白斑狗鱼眼内寄生的复口吸虫的流行病学,为白斑狗鱼养殖过程中的疾病防治提供基础性资料。2009年至2014年在中国境内的额尔齐斯河8次采样获得263尾白斑狗鱼,统计分析复口吸虫在白斑狗鱼各体长组中的频率分布及空间分布特点。结果表明:复口吸虫一年四季均可感染白斑狗鱼,感染率从春季到冬季逐渐升高,冬季达到峰值;平均感染强度则在冬季最高,夏季次之,春秋两季均低;总感染率为34.98%,平均感染强度为10.74只/尾;感染率随宿主体长增加而上升,但是在体长50 cm时,感染率最低,为4.17%;平均感染强度随宿主体长的增加也呈逐渐上升的趋势;方均比在各体长段均大于1,呈聚集分布,且聚集度随鱼体长增加而增加。     

额尔齐斯河粘鲈感染复口吸虫的种群动态研究

通过对额尔齐斯河粘鲈(Acerina cernua)的取样调查研究,揭示了其感染复口吸虫(Diplostomum)的种群生态学的部分特点。2009年4月至2013年4月随机选取额尔齐斯河河段内的北屯、哈巴河为采样点进行采样调查。共采集解剖体长5~13 cm粘鲈129尾。结果表明,复口吸虫的总感染率为38.76%,平均感染强度为16.06±30.85,感染0、1~5、6~10、11~15、16~20和20只以上复口吸虫的粘鲈占粘鲈总数的比率分别为61.24%、24.03%、3.88%、1.55%、1.55%和7.75%。复口吸虫感染率和感染强度随着粘鲈体长的变化而发生变化:感染率在13 cm以上的粘鲈中达到最大,为80%;平均感染强度在11 cm≤L13 cm范围内最大。感染强度在体长段5 cmL≤7 cm与9 cmL≤11 cm和11 cmL≤13 cm之间存在显著性差异。复口吸虫种群在宿主不同体长段中的分布类型均为聚集分布,且聚集强度随宿主体长的变化而发生变化。     

Influence of rearing conditions on Flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The influence of rearing conditions on Flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was studied experimentally in the laboratory and at a fish farm. In experiment I, the effect of parasitic infection on columnaris disease was studied using F. columnare carrier fish. The fish were exposed to Diplostomum spathaceum cercariae and a set of other stressors in order to induce clinical columnaris infection. Parasitic infection and other stressors failed to induce the disease. Disease occurred when the fish were challenged with F. columnare, but D. spathaceum infection did not enhance the severity of the infection. In experiment II, the influence of rearing density and water temperature was studied. Overall mortality was highest in fish at normal rearing density with high temperature (+23 degrees C). At low temperature (+18 degrees C) mortality was not affected by rearing density, but the transmission of columnaris disease was faster at normal rearing density at both temperatures. This supports the view that reduction of fish density could be used in prevention of columnaris disease especially if water temperature is high. Because the lower rearing density can also decrease the transmission of ectoparasites and penetrating endoparasites, it could be an efficient tool in ecological disease management.     

额尔齐斯河河鲈复口吸虫的空间分布研究

2009年7月至2014年8月,对额尔齐斯河河鲈(Perca fluviatilis Linnaeus)进行采样调查,运用统计学方法分析河鲈眼睛寄生复口吸虫(Diplostomum)的空间分布特点。结果表明,在检查的253尾河鲈中,复口吸虫总感染率为51.38%,左右眼晶状体的感染率分别为11.86%和9.09%,左右房室液的感染率分别为40.32%和30.04%;方均比均大于1,表明复口吸虫种群呈聚集分布,且L房和R房聚集强度为50.63和34.97,高于L晶和R晶3.18和5.58;单因素方差分析各体长组复口吸虫感染数量,发现不同体长段在L晶和R晶差异不显著(P0.05),在L房和R房差异显著(0.01≤P0.05,P0.01)。复口吸虫在晶状体和房室液的分布存在显著差异,对于晶状体和房室液有明显的选择性。     

Evidence of enhanced bacterial invasion during Diplostomum spathaceum infection in European grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.)

Farmed grayling, Thymallus thymallus (L.), are susceptible to atypical Aeromonas salmonicida (aAS) infections. Interactions between bacteria and parasites were studied using grayling subjected to concomitant exposure to aAS bacteria and the digenean parasite Diplostomum spathaceum. Atypical AS was detected from fish by a combination of bacterial cultivation and polymerase chain reaction techniques. A detection level of 17 aAS cells per 100 mg intestine tissue sample was obtained. Concomitant bacterial exposure did not enhance the severity of grayling eye rupture and nuclear extrusion induced by D. spathaceum, but D. spathaceum invasion into grayling increased the proportion of fish carrying aAS in their heart tissue. However, the number of aAS cells detected in heart tissue was low. Atypical AS did not cause acute disease or mortality during 15 days post-exposure. There was a higher prevalence of aAS in grayling heart samples than in intestinal samples, indicating that the intestine is not favoured by aAS. We suggest that heart tissue would be a good organ from which to isolate aAS when tracing latent carrier fish. We conclude that penetrating diplostomids can enhance bacterial infections in fish and that diplostomids can cause serious eye ruptures in grayling.     

新疆虹鳟贝氏复口吸虫的空间分布

为了解贝氏复口吸虫(Diplostomum baeri)在虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)眼部寄生的空间分布特点,2017年4次对新疆博尔塔拉蒙古自治州温泉县冷水鱼繁育基地的虹鳟进行采样调查,运用统计学方法对虹鳟眼睛寄生贝氏复口吸虫的空间分布特点进行分析。结果显示,在检查的61尾虹鳟中,检出贝氏复口吸虫9 023只,单尾检出最多为388只。总感染率为100%,左右眼玻璃体的感染率为100%和96.7%,高于左右眼晶状体的感染率60.7%和42.6%。总平均感染强度为(147.9±11.6),左右眼玻璃体平均感染强度为(90.9±6.7)和(71.9±6.1),高于左右眼晶状体平均感染强度(7.4±1.9)和(7.0±2.1)。左眼和右眼的平均感染强度无统计学差异(P0.05),晶状体和玻璃体的平均感染强度差异极显著(P0.01)。贝氏复口吸虫在虹鳟不同部位的方均比(S~2/■)大于1,说明贝氏复口吸虫对该地虹鳟的寄生情况严重,在虹鳟的不同部位中均呈聚集性分布,更倾向于在玻璃体中寄生,存在寄生部位选择偏好性。